Departments

Starting From the Top:
Working on Robert Altman’s Nashville

by Fred Schultz, CAS

All photos courtesy of Fred Schultz

Nashville was my very first film job. It came about, like most of my best opportunities, completely by accident. Earlier, I’d moved to Nashville to attend grad school at Vanderbilt, but during the six years required to finish, the market for my degree turned belly-up. Professionally unappreciated, I responded by diving into rock ’n’ roll where, with more enthusiasm than skill, I began mixing rock shows.

Within the year, I was house mixer at a new music club, run in an uneasy partnership between the regional concert promoter and the young owner of Nashville’s massage parlor chain, a hustler with a love for rock and a cash flow in need of laundering. Before that party crashed, I polished my mixing skills on a stream of incredible talent including Bruce Springsteen (first national tour), KISS (ditto), Iggy Pop, B.B. King, Freddie King, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Bob Seger, and an endless number of their hard-driving southern & midwestern brethren. Opposite page: Fred Schultz with slate. Robert Altman in Centennial Park, Nashville.

So, one year in, the summer of ’74, I was a self-identified rocker, overflowing with ego and lightly warranted self-esteem. That’s when Johnny Rosen, a business-savvy friend and owner of Fanta Sound, phoned me. A movie had come to town and its producers wanted him to find someone to work nights transferring sound for dailies using their pioneering eight-channel tape machine.

That fateful phone call placed me on Robert Altman’s Nashville and in Jim Webb’s sound department. Forty years later, it’s clear I’d been handed a golden opportunity, but at the time it seemed a huge step down. Coming from the egalitarian culture of live music, I was shocked to discover that, as a local hire, I was virtually invisible, working on a crew that for the most part regarded everything about Nashville with abrasive amusement, and which respected film, not music, as the art of highest value.

Every day, I reported after wrap to our transfer room in the show’s motel. There, a Teamster delivered the Stevens one-inch 8-track tape machine and production tape rolls straight from Jim’s sound cart, along with his sound log marked up with my instructions.

My job was to transfer three of the eight tracks Jim designated (from wireless, boom, handheld and prerecorded instrumentals) onto sprocketed three-stripe mag stock. A couple of nights later, after the film had been processed and flown back, Jim would do a live mix at a dailies screening for the cast and crew using my three-stripe transfers. Over the years, those screenings have gone on to become the stuff of legend for their high camaraderie, fueled as they were by weed, alcohol and massive talent. However, across the motel courtyard in my transfer room, there was no weed, no alcohol, no camaraderie. Still, the money was good and I’d begun to find the whole film thing fascinating.

The Stevens one-inch 8-track tape recorder was unique in that it operated without a capstan and it ran on car batteries, but was virtually unknown in professional audio circles. Jack Cashin was a USC cinema grad who knew of it and its capabilities, then convinced Altman he ought to use it, then oversaw making it work both technically and in workflow—a trifecta of history-changing contributions for which he’s never been adequately recognized. Altman and Webb first used the Stevens on California Split, then, when planning Nashville, Webb completed the system we know today by bringing in wireless microphones. This full system was used one final time on Buffalo Bill and the Indians, after which thirty years would pass before the film business would again have eight tracks available for their production mixers.

I was able to attend filming at two of their locations. The Exit/In had been my favorite music-listening room since its opening, so when Nashville shot there, I burned my candle on both ends to sit at a table as a background player. This got me close enough to listen while Altman talked his talent through scenes for two days. As far as I knew, all directors did it just like him, right?

I also went to the assassination scene at the Parthenon, and the three photos above are from that day—me playing with the slate, Jim Webb and Chris McLaughlin (Jim’s ace boom operator) behind the sound cart where Chris happily mimed mixing alongside Jim for my photo, and an enthusiastic Altman warming up the crowd as the master of his universe totally oblivious to the pistol clearly visible in his pocket.

But I proved not to be the perfect employee and suffered a fall from grace. One night, a solo vocal track by Karen Black somehow captivated me—it was probably from her SM-58 handheld though I don’t really remember—but I was absolutely convinced that something magic was in that track. And no, drugs were not involved. It was the raw power live music had on me.

I wanted everyone to appreciate exactly that same magic, so, contrary to Jim’s log notes, and ignoring his written instructions as my production mixer—I recorded that one microphone track onto all three strips of the sprocketed mag stock. Inevitably, two nights later at dailies when that particular scene went onscreen, the shit truly hit the fan.

As Karen launched into her song, Jim potted up her instrumentation track only to hear more of the same—her naked a cappella vocal. Apparently, Karen had been insecure about her singing before this, but now with her voice unaccompanied and unsweetened in front of cast and crew, she absolutely freaked. Flipped. Exploded. Jim Webb was on the spot, Robert Altman was on the spot, and a firing of the responsible party was inevitable. I was given the news and sent home. The small upside that night was that no one knew who I was, so no one recognized me on my way out.

An hour or so after I got home, Johnny Rosen phoned. “Think you learned anything here?” he asked. I confessed my naïveté, he got a laugh at me, then reported what had gone down. First, Altman assured Karen Black that he’d had me fired. Then he made it clear that, with the firing done and on record, he didn’t want any delays or compromises going forward with his dailies—nudge, nudge, wink, wink. “Just show up on time tomorrow and do what your mixer tells you,” said Johnny. My lesson learned, I did as instructed and no further word was ever uttered. Fast-forward to last year, nearly four decades later, in a conversation with Jim I finally dared to ask what he remembered about the incident. Always the gentleman, Jim drew a blank on it altogether.

After Nashville wrapped, my career took me back into live music for four more years, including one on the road mixing Johnny Cash, but Hollywood had already set its hook. By 1987, I was living in Los Angeles, a production mixer myself and now brimming with enthusiasm for the MOWs and television episodics that were becoming my bread and butter.

And that’s it. My film career started at the very top, working with Jim Webb on Robert Altman’s Nashville. I was a hands-on user of their paradigm-shifting multi-track production sound recorder. For two months, I was a cog in our industry’s very earliest multitrack film production workflow. Along the way, I screwed up so spectacularly that Altman had me fired. Then had me re-hired.

With the perspective that can come from enough time and distance, I’d like to suggest that sometimes one finds an unsuspected upside to learning your hard lessons while anonymous—wait long enough and some of those lessons may morph into stories worth sharing.

© Fred Schultz 2014

News & Announcements

Set Safety

When I first started doing narrative projects in California, I worked for an assortment of sketchy producers with more ambition than good sense. Like me, they were near the beginning of their careers and didn’t yet have production experience in depth. Many of these shows had car crash stunts with pipe ramps and explosions. Gunfire was common and most scripts had moving car shots with process trailers.

Despite these potentially hazardous elements, I never felt that I was ever in any real danger. At that time, any film with location power requirements exceeding what could be provided by ordinary household outlets was required to employ a Fire Safety Officer. Local fire departments maintained a roster of retired or semiretired officers to supervise film sets. They had the responsibility to ensure that the film didn’t burn down the building or electrocute anyone. Some of these officers interpreted their responsibility very narrowly and only concerned themselves with fire and electrical safety. But many took on a larger role and would oversee any activity they considered a potential hazard. They might, for instance, inspect scaffolding for weight-bearing capability. Although their authority to dictate practices outside of fire safety was untested, Producers generally acted on their recommendations. Liability for an accident would be more acute if they were to proceed in spite of a warning from a safety official.

Producers often chafed under the requirement. On a low-budget show, it wasn’t unusual for the Fire Safety Official to be the highest paid employee on the project. But there was a benefit for the Producer as well. If an accident did occur, the presence of an independent safety officer made it apparent that the production was probably not operating recklessly.

The Los Angeles Fire Department continues to assign Fire Safety Officers to film sets but the requirements have been eased in recent years. In an effort to make the permit process more production-friendly, officers are no longer assigned to every production that uses a generator. A Safety Officer is now assigned only if particular hazards are present, based on an evaluation of the permit application.

Recent events give reason to question whether thinning out independent oversight was wise. The presence of a trained officer with independent authority is a stabilizing element on a set. It discourages reckless behavior. This is a practice that should be encouraged on professional sets everywhere.

You may find more information about the on-set Fire Safety Program at: http://www.filmla.com (Navigate through “For Filmmakers” to the “Forms” section for PDF downloads).

-David Waelder

Candlelight Vigil

A candlelight vigil on February 20 held in honor of Sarah Elizabeth Jones, the camera assistant killed in the train trestle accident during the filming of Midnight Rider, drew nearly 1,000 marchers. Her parents, Richard and Elizabeth Jones, were among those attending and pledged to make the event the beginning of a campaign for improved set safety.

J.L. Fisher Open House

The 9th Annual J.L. Fisher Open House, Mixer and BBQ Lunch (free) will be held on Saturday, May 17, 2014. The event starts at 9 a.m. and runs until 4 p.m. J.L. Fisher hosts the annual event in association with SOC, ICG and ASC and numerous corporate sponsors. It’s an excellent opportunity to meet other production technicians, tour the Fisher facility and enjoy an outstanding lunch. Local 695 will be demonstrating the 23-ft. Fisher boom and you’re welcome to take the opportunity to hop up and spend some time on it yourself. We’ll be there all day. Stop by anytime. For more information, go to http://www.jlfisher.com/JLF-2014-Open-House

Sign of the Times

Replacing the ratty old sign on the building. Come by to see the new one proudly displayed.
 

Bringing Jobs Back to California

More than 2,000 film workers assembled at the Pickwick Gardens in Burbank on Saturday, February 22, to address the challenge of runaway production. This was the first event in a campaign sponsored by the Entertainment Union Coalition (EUC), a consortium of representatives from IATSE, DGA, SAG-AFTRA, PGA and Teamsters. The immediate objective was to rally support for an expansion of California’s tax credit program through AB 1839, a bill introduced by Assemblymen Mike Gatto (D-Los Angeles) and Raul Bocanegra (D-Pacoima).

The need is both immediate and apparent. Of 41 big-budget pictures made in 2012 and 2013, only one was shot entirely in California. According to the Milken Institute, California lost 16,137 film and TV jobs between 2004 and 2012. And the Los Angeles Times reports that 1,694 members of IATSE have already permanently moved from California to pursue work opportunities in Georgia, Louisiana and other states with active incentive programs. Attendance at the rally underscored these figures: it was standing room only in the meeting room and attendees spilled out into the anterooms.

If there’s a bright spot, it’s the recognition this need is receiving from local politicians. The Gatto-Bocanegra bill received 40 immediate co-signers and had 20 more within a few days. Since then, it received unanimous approval in its first committee vote. Numerous local politicians attended the rally including both of the sponsoring Assemblymen, IATSE International VP Thom Davis (keynote speaker), Art Pulaski, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the California Labor Federation, and others.

To assist this effort, visit 695.com for regular updates and go to http://www.backtoca.com for information on volunteering.

Trustees appointed by the International now administer Local 695. The International President asked me to act as your Business Agent during this transition period. As a 35-year member of Local 695, 10 of those years as a Special Representative for the Local, I take great pride in being able to serve the membership. I pledge to navigate these choppy waters with both respect for the accomplishments of my predecessors and commitment to practices that will benefit members in the future.

Every change comes with opportunities. The Trustee Administrators are eager to fulfill a mandate to leave the Local in better condition than they found it. Together, we have been reviewing office infrastructure, equipment lease contracts and the phone system, seeking ways to improve service and manage costs. It’s a good practice to perform this sort of top-to-bottom review periodically, and upgraded phones, computers and work assignments will enhance efficiency in assisting members. Webmaster Laurence Abrams has already implemented a change permitting members to pay dues and financial obligations online with a credit card.

Although there have been some changes in work assignments, most of the office staff is unchanged. Donna Gamble continues as our Executive Secretary, Leslie Otsuki still handles Accounting and Membership Services and Michael Kanyer handles the reception desk and also inputs data to the production tracking system. We welcome new employee Nicole (Nikki) Riordan in the Accountant & Membership Services Department. She comes to us with a background in accounting and computer networking. We also welcome Joe Aredas Jr. as a Special/Field Representative. Members coming to the office should expect to find assistance from a capable staff.

Local 695 is a participating member of the Entertainment Union Coalition (EUC). The EUC is a consortium of organizations committed to bringing production and post-production work back to California. The turnout for their kickoff event in February more than filled the largest meeting room at the Pickwick Center and, with more than 2,000 members attending, was the largest gathering of IATSE members ever. The goal of this first event (there will be others in the future) was to support the passage of AB 1839. We expect that bill to come up for its second committee review soon and we’ll again be distributing letters for members to sign and forward to their representatives. Please watch your email for that distribution and for other information about activities at the Local.

The Local belongs to the membership and derives its strength from you. With your support and participation, we will emerge stronger.

Scott Bernard
Interim Business Agent

Contributors to this edition

Robert ‘Max’ Maxfield

​For more than 30 years, Robert ‘Max’ Maxfield has worked in radio, television and motion pictures. For most of those years, he was a Boom Operator, Utility Person and Production Sound Mixer. His notable credits include Mission: Impossible III, Rush Hour 3, Twister, O and the current TV hit The Walking Dead. Max was a part of Sound Mixer Geoff Patterson’s team that was Oscar nominated for Twister, and Michael P. Clark’s team that was CAS nominated for The Walking Dead. In his spare time, he teaches a class entitled The Art and Craft of Recording Motion Picture Sound.

Chris Munro, CAS

Chris Munro is a Local 695 member and Production Sound Mixer on more than 70 films. He has collaborated with some of the most successful filmmakers in recent history, including Ridley Scott, Guy Ritchie, M. Night Shyamalan, Atom Egoyan, Paul Greengrass, Ron Howard and Alfonso Cuarón, to name a few. In addition to 2014 Oscar and BAFTA Awards for Gravity, he was nominated at both ceremonies for Captain Phillips. He previously won an Academy Award for Black Hawk Down and a BAFTA for Casino Royale.

Andy Rovins, CAS

Andy Rovins has been working in production sound for a long, long time. He kind of remembers the good old days.

Fred Schultz, CAS

James Tanenbaum, CAS

David Waelder

From the President

As you are probably aware, the former officers of Local 695 have been removed due to the recently imposed Trusteeship. You should have received an email from me with an explanation as to why this action was necessary to maintain the integrity of the IATSE Constitution and By Laws, and the rights of IATSE locals and members, including Local 695.

A union’s power comes from the strength of its collective voice. All institutions need rules to function and succeed. Local 695, as part of the International, is no exception.

The Trustees, alongside Interim Business Agent (Scott Bernard), Special/Field Representative (Joe Aredas, Jr.) and Education Director Laurence Abrams, have been hard at work to correct the past missteps of the union and devising ways to better serve the membership going forward. At the 695 offices, the warped, faded and peeling exterior sign has been replaced. This emblem goes to your identity and you deserve to fly your flag proudly. Improvements are happening inside the office too: technology is being modernized and members’ needs are being addressed across a broader variety of productions. From reality shows to scripted dramas, the current representatives of Local 695 are here to advocate for you. Their clear instructions are to put the member first.

Once the Local is back on its feet and operating smoothly, the IATSE’s goal is to restore autonomy to Local 695. We hope you will help us through this transition by continuing to be our eyes and ears on the set. Please continue to report nonunion productions and call us with any contract questions or safety concerns. Scott, Peter, Steve, Laurence and Joe are available to answer your questions about the Trusteeship, and how Local 695 is changing to better serve you and the Alliance of which it is an important part.

Matthew Loeb
IATSE International President

From the Editors

In this issue of the 695 Quarterly, Local 695 members demonstrate a commitment to excellence, a willingness to devote time to planning, preparation and testing, to realize a brilliant outcome. This has been the theme of every issue since we began publishing in the spring of 2009.

In Captain Phillips, Chris Munro, CAS used equipment concealed on the pirate skiffs to relay audio to follow boats. This required careful preplanning to ensure that sufficient equipment would be available on location and that all the elements would coordinate effectively. He brought an equally complex, but technically different, approach to his award-winning work on Gravity.

Robert Maxfield drew upon everything he’s learned in 30 years of production experience to bring in good tracks on The Walking Dead. His determination to find a way, and his good grace under pressure, bring renewed respect for the Sound Department on that difficult show.

Finally, in Part 2 of his overview of P-Cap and MoCap technique, Jim Tanenbaum, CAS brings 50 years of production experience to a new and developing field. Even with the skills learned over a long and productive career, he extends his thanks to fellow Mixers who allowed him to shadow them and observe their approach to the task. Keeping skills sharp is an ongoing commitment to excellence.

This is what Local 695 members do every working day; find solutions to problems. Drawing on years of experience to find new ways to get the best results and entertain the audience.

Fraternally yours,
Richard Lightstone, Eric Pierce, and David Waelder